The Museum School and Children: a place of History and Memory, created in 2008, located at Tuiuti University of Paraná has the following objectives: preserving a collection of elements of material culture School, as well as, creating and preserving a digital archive about the memory of those teachers who worked in the primary schools in the South of Brazil from 1930. The information was obtained through interviews with teachers, followed by a protocol. By this collected data this communication seeks to recover the history of life and school practices of 10 primary school teachers who have exercised their profession in School Groups of private and public schools in the South of Brazil from 1930 to 1970. The study shows that from first decades of the twentieth century, the teaching of primary education in Brazil was almost exclusively for women. These teachers, as a rule, were graduated in a Escola Normal (Elementary Teaching School) primary and secondary. According to their statements, it can be seen that the teaching School in Paraná, was targeted to the young women of upper middle class society. Studying at a Escola Normal, gave "status" because teaching was a profession of prestige in society, besides being one of the few acceptable professions for women in the society of that time. One of the requirements for being a teacher was the uprightness of character, because it was up to the teacher not only teach students the skills needed to pursue a future career, but also to instill in them values such as respect for the laws and authorities and moral habits, personal hygiene and social and crafts. Anyway, it was up to the teacher the task of instilling in children the civic duties of a good Brazilian. Teacher´s associations of that educational level were practically inexistent or irrelevant in the studied period.