The thesis makes use of archival sources produced by local authorities in the Duchy of Carniola to accumulate new data on individuals, labeled as »gypsies« by the Austrian authorities. It focuses on the years 1870-1918. Attention is given especially to deliberate state-led inclusion of the gypsies by granting them the right of domicile and to the consequences of breaking the laws regarding the right of travelling outside of their home municipality. Using a microhistorical approach the thesis touches upon the question of expulsions of gypsies to their home municipalities, forced labor, municipal disputes over the gypsies' right of domicile, and strategies of self-decriminalizing the non-sedentary way of life. It includes short explanations of the changes brought by the WWI and argues that there is a clear continuity of the existing gypsy laws after the dissolution of the Habsburg empire in the newly founded Kingdom of Yugoslavia.