After the World War II a part of Slovenians found themselves in refugee camps in Italy and Austria. Despite the general lack of food, space, teaching aids, accessories and materials, the Slovenians created an educational system that reached an enviable level. Kindergartens, folk schools, refugee grammar schools (with public recognition; with the high school graduation certificate from refugee grammar school students could enroll at University) and professional secondary schools were established for Slovenian children and even some children of other nationalities joined. A great emphasis was on the knowledge of foreign languages. An interdisciplinary approach and development of the social responsibility of the individual were being promoted. Notwithstanding the poor conditions, professors even without payment expected high level of knowledge from their students. Due to the lack of textbooks in camps, teachers and professors themselves started writing and publishing. Over 40 different textbooks were published in camps, also the first Historical Atlas of Slovenia. Formal education was strongly associated with informal education through literary and reading evenings, different courses (philosophical, legal, sociological, cultural, etc.), choirs and dramatic societies. Students were encouraged to write and publish various newspapers and also Academies were being organized. Refugee education had a significant impact on the re-establishment of Slovenian education in neighboring countries. Many students from Slovenian refugee secondary schools had later on impressive international careers, which speaks about the high quality of these schools.