The paper is offering a view of some central conceptualisations of childhood, contents and ways of studying children, especially in history, anthropology and sociology. Placing the childhood into the field of research as an object or a subject of a study is in close interaction with an issue of perception of childhood in the society. Stories about childhood are connected with an issue of forming identities and memories. The author emphasises that even though children’s memories are personal recollections of the past, memories of childhood are formed in present time and in society.